活性炭纤维去除水中有机微污染物的效果

采用 4种活性炭纤维 (ACF)作为吸附剂 ,对水中 CHCl₃、CCl₄、高锰酸钾指数 COD_Mn、紫外吸光值 E_UV254等有机微污染物的去除进行了初步研究 ,并与 ZJ-15型颗粒活性炭 (GAC)进行了对比 .吸附等温线的结果表明 ,ACF3对 CHCl₃的去除效果最好 ,当 CHCl₃的平衡浓度为 60μg· L^-1 时 ,ACF3对 CHCl₃的吸附容量为 212μg·g^-1 ;GAC对 CCl₄的去除效果最好 ,当 CCl₄的平衡浓度为 3μg· L^-1时 ,GAC对 CCl₄的吸附容量为 0.83μg·g^-1;GAC及 ACF1对 COD_Mn、E_UV254有较好的去除效果 ,当COD_Mn的平衡浓度为 2.5mg·L^-1 时 ,GAC及 ACF1对 CODMn的吸附容量分别为 2.16mg·g^-1 和 1.98mg·g^-1 ,当 E_UV254的平衡浓度为 0.05时 ,GAC及 ACF1对 E_UV254的吸附容量分别为 0.32 g^-1和 0.15g^-1.     

Effect of different pearling times on the quality of hull-less barley rice北大核心CSCD

Hull-less barley is a special food crop rich in various nutrients in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Six-pearling is often used to produce commercial hull-less barley rice in order to improve its rough taste and inferior cooking quality. This study evaluated the differences in the nutritional, cooking, sensory, and storage qualities of hull-less barley rice with different pearling times to obtain suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality hull-less barley rice. With increasing pearling time, the contents of vitamin B6, vitamin E, dietary fiber, iron, zinc, phenols, and flavonoids significantly decreased to a large extent, protein and vitamin B3 decreased slightly, the contents of total starch and β-glucan increased significantly, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) initially increased and then decreased. The peak, trough, and final viscosity of whole grain barley were 1 860.50 cP, 914.50 cP, and 2 150.00 cP, respectively, and increased after six-pearling to 4 219.00 cP, 2 628.00 cP, and 5 074.00 cP, respectively. At the same time, the water absorption and volume expansion of the pearled hull-less barley increased significantly. The hardness of pearled hull-less barley reduced from 4 708.50 g to 2 282.00 g, its adhesiveness increased from 0.00 to -7.33, and its taste and sensory quality exhibited better. The activities of α-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase in pearled hull-less barley slightly decreased. Hull-less bran flour is rich in a variety of nutritional components and could be a potential resource with great developmental value. In general, hull-less barley rice obtained from three-pearling has high nutritional value, high cooking quality, low enzyme activity, and low energy consumption; therefore, it can be used to produce high-quality barley rice. This study provides important information for high-quality pearled hull-less barley and further utilization of barley bran flour. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Functional flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability for multipurpose oil-water separation

● A PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed. ● The property of flax fiber could be switched from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. ● The mechanism of the acquired UV-induced switchable wettability was discussed. ● The developed flax fiber was successfully used for multipurpose oil-water separation. The large number of oily wastewater discharges and oil spills are bringing about severe threats to environment and human health. Corresponding to this challenge, a functional PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed for efficient oil-water separation in this study. The developed flax fiber was obtained through PAA grafted polymerization and then ZnO-HDTMS nanocomposite immobilization. The as-prepared PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was hydrophobic initially and could be switched to hydrophilic through UV irradiation. Its hydrophobicity could be easily recovered through being stored in dark environment for several days. To optimize the performance of the PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber, the effects of ZnO and HDTMS concentrations on its switchable wettability were investigated. The optimized PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber had a large water contact angle (~130°) in air and an extremely small oil contact angle (~0°) underwater initially. After UV treatment, the water contact angle was decreased to 30°, while the underwater oil contact angle was increased to more than 150°. Based on this UV-induced switchable wettability, the developed PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was applied to remove oil from immiscible oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsion with great reusability for multiple cycles. Thus, the developed flax fiber could be further fabricated into oil barrier or oil sorbent for oil-water separation, which could be an environmentally-friendly alternative in oil spill response and oily wastewater treatment.     

极近距离煤层综放开采工作面覆岩“两带”发育规律研究*

为深入研究极近距离煤层综放开采工作面覆岩“两带”的动态发育规律,采用理论推导、数值模拟和现场实测相结合的方法,分析袁店一矿824工作面覆岩“两带”的裂隙演化特征。结果表明:从岩层层向拉伸率角度,研究上覆岩层垮落带和导水裂隙带的垮落程度,考虑角度影响推导出岩层弯曲下沉边缘段变形前后的长度计算公式,根据覆岩的碎胀特征计算各岩层的最大下沉量,预测垮落带和裂隙带的范围分别为30.2~41.2 m和70.7~78.2 m;采用3DEC数值模拟分析该矿824工作面开挖后上覆岩层垮落的基本形态和裂隙分布规律,结合其应力、位移云图和监测线位移曲线的分布特征,得出垮落带和裂隙带的高度分别为32.50 m和77.25 m;采用分布式光纤应变监测系统,监测工作面前方80 m处上部顶板的受力情况,得出受采动影响的光纤应变呈起伏变化,且应变分布与地层岩性存在对应关系,得出垮落带高度约30.4 m,裂隙带高度约74.8 m,验证采用层向拉伸率和覆岩碎胀性2个方面来预测工作面覆岩“两带”高度的合理性,可为类似方面的研究与施工提供相应的技术依据。     

光纤传感器FBG和BOTDR应用于结构监测的若干比较研究

对建筑结构进行健康监测,可以防止和避免灾害的发生。传感器的选择和使用是进行结构监测时首先要考虑的问题。光纤传感器是一种新型的传感器,因种类不同在性能方面也相差较大。FBG(FiberBraggGating,光纤Bragg光栅)和BOTDR(BrillouinOpticalTimeDomainReflectometry,布里渊光时域反射计)是近些年来发展比较快的光纤传感器,本文介绍了这两种光纤传感器,并着重从两者传感的基本原理、传感系统组成、温度补偿研究和性能优劣等方面进行了详细的比较,得出了各自作为结构监测传感器的优缺点,为今后的监测选用提供了依据,使应用两者时能够做到扬长避短。     

An attempt to recover economic losses from decadal changes in two lagoon systems of Sri Lanka through a newly patented mangrove product

Kahandamodara and Kalametiya are two estuarine lagoons located within about 12 km distance along the Southern coast of Sri Lanka. According to a socio-economic survey, both lagoons have been moderately to high saline water bodies and the latter was an important center of prawn fishery until the late 1960s. Two irrigation projects upstream (Udawalawe irrigation scheme and Muruthawela Wewa), which came into operation in 1967 and 1968 respectively, increased freshwater inflows to these two lagoons and altered flora, fauna, and water quality, with a decline of lagoon fishery as a result. At the same time, the increase in freshwater favorised the Mangrove Apple Sonneratia caseolaris to expand spontaneously. Following many hectares of vegetation increase of this species, our study focused on recovering the economic loss of fisheries decline by using new ethnobotanic information on this species. We found that the pulp of the fruit of the Mangrove Apple is tasty and can be used to prepare a fruit drink. However, it has not been commercialised, or even practiced widely at homes, due to the fact that numerous small seeds in the fruit release certain phenolic compounds when damaged, giving a bad colour and an astringent taste to the pulp. We developed a method to get the fruit pulp from the Mangrove Apple minimising the addition of phenolic compounds. This fruit pulp was then used to produce ice cream and fruit drinks, and the whole procedure has been patented in Sri Lanka for the favour of the local people. Apparently this is a novel mangrove product reported for the first time in mangrove ethnobotany. In addition, analysis of the fruit pulp of the S. caseolaris for nutritional composition revealed that it is very rich in phosphorus and dietary fiber, indicating that these new products may have an even higher potential as a supplementary food. Its use as a health food and as a commercialised eco-product is expected to bring new gains in spite of the former ecosystem and fishery decrease. It is however not known to which extent these novel ethnobiological/socio-economical uses outbalance functions lost by ecosystem degradation.     

超滤法处理乳化油废水的研究

采用ＣＭＰＳ,ＰＳ,ＰＳ／ＣＭＰＳ共混,ＰＡＮ,ＰＳ和ＰＤＣ共混中空纤维超滤膜,对乳化油废水进行了超滤实验和比较,探讨了料液流速,操作温度,操作压力,运行时间膜性能的影响,研究了清洗方法对膜性能的恢复效果,试验表明,采用ＣＭＰＳ,ＰＳ／ＣＭＰＳ中空纤维膜处理乳化油废不效果较好,透过液含油量符合生产回用标准（３００ｍｇ／Ｌ）适宜的适宜温度为５０℃,进口压力为０．１２ＭＰａ,出口压力为０．１０ＭＰａ,     

超滤法处理回用印钞厂擦版液的研究

根据擦版液的特性,选择了适合处理擦版液的单皮层内压式中空纤维超滤膜,对超滤过程中的操作压力、料液温度、料液流速和固含量等工艺参数以及清洗药品和方法进行了研究。结果表明,当进口压力为0.17MPa,膜面流速在2,7m/s左右,循环液温度在40℃左右时,透水速度可达到50—60L(m.h)。操作过程中,只用透过液作简单清洗即可使透水速度得到较好的恢复。只有当透水速度衰减严重时,才在70℃条件下进行化学清洗,而且可以使透水速度得到较为彻底的恢复。化学清洗周期至少在1星期以上。     

UASB+AF处理维生素C废水的研究

采用有效容积为６ｍ３的ＵＡＳＢ＋ＡＦ反应器处理维生素Ｃ高浓度有机废水,结果表明：稳定运行容积负荷可达１０—１２ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ３·ｄ）ＣＯＤ去除率大于８０％,容积产气率大于３．０Ｎｍ３／（ｍ３·ｄ）,并具有启动速度快和较强耐冲击负荷的能力。     

过滤式碳纤维电极消毒效果比较与机理研究

过滤式电极消毒作为一种安全、高效的新型消毒技术备受关注,然而目前使用的电极材料比较单一,且稳定性和高效性难以兼备,制约了该技术的设备化发展.本文采用过滤式消毒方式,考察了几种高孔隙率的导电碳纤维毡的消毒效果.结果表明,碳纤维毡电极具有优异的消毒能力,活性碳纤维电极可在几伏的电压下使细菌死亡,与传统电化学消毒相比,电压降低了1~2个数量级.其中A-PCF(聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维)电极在外接电压2 V,水力停留时间2 s时即可对大肠杆菌菌液实现6.5log的去除.当外接电压≤2 V时,流出物中未检测到氯,pH保持不变,排除了电化学产物的影响.A-PCF可作为过滤式电极消毒的优选电极材料.